"Typographical art" published in the Maissue of Puck
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New Zealand academics Joan Gajadhar and John Green comment that both Morse code abbreviations are more succinct than modern abbreviations such as LOL.
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Dodge's Manual in 1908 documented the reintroduction of "love and kisses" as the number 88. The National Telegraphic Review and Operators Guide in April 1857 documented the use of the number 73 in Morse code to express "love and kisses" (later reduced to the more formal "best regards").
Precursors to modern emoticons have existed since the 19th century. English professor Alan Jacobs argued that "punctuation, in general, was unsettled in the seventeenth century Herrick was unlikely to have consistent punctuational practices himself, and even if he did he couldn't expect either his printers or his readers to share them." However, experts have since weighed whether the inclusion of the colon in the poem was deliberate and if it was meant to represent a smiling face. Herrick's work predated any other recorded use of brackets as a smiling face by around 200 years. Emoticons were the precursors to modern emojis, which have been in a state of continuous development for a variety of digital platforms. They offer another range of "tone" and feeling through texting that portrays specific emotions through facial gestures while in the midst of text-based cyber communication. Emoticons have played a significant role in communication through technology, and some devices and applications have provided stylized pictures that do not use text punctuation. Īs SMS mobile text messaging and the Internet became widespread in the late 1990s, emoticons became increasingly popular and were commonly used in texting, Internet forums, and e-mails. This style arose on ASCII NET of Japan in 1986. Users from Japan popularized a kind of emoticon called kaomoji, utilizing the Katakana character set, that can be understood without tilting one's head to the left. In Western countries, emoticons are usually written at a right angle to the direction of the text. The first ASCII emoticons are generally credited to computer scientist Scott Fahlman, who proposed what came to be known as "smileys" – :-) and :-( – in a message on the bulletin board system (BBS) of Carnegie Mellon University in 1982. An emoticon ( / ɪ ˈ m oʊ t ɪ k ɒ n/, ə- MOH-tə-kon, rarely pronounced / ɪ ˈ m ɒ t ɪ k ɒ n/), short for "emotion icon", also known simply as an emote, is a pictorial representation of a facial expression using characters-usually punctuation marks, numbers, and letters-to express a person's feelings, mood or reaction, or as a time-saving method.
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